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第一节 确定消防安全重点部位、重点工种的依据和原则 Section One Fire Security Important Section, Important Work’s Base and Principle
消防重点部位是指火灾危险性大，一旦发生火灾人员伤亡大、损失大的，有可能影响整个酒店的经营的重要部位。消防重点部位主要包括： The fire security important section is the very important place, where will effect the operation of the whole hotel and lead people to hurt or dead, and destroy huge properties once the fire happens. The important section of fire is mainly containing the following: l 容易发生火灾的部位。 Easy to happen the fire’s place l 发生火灾影响全局的部位。 Easy to happen the fire so that influence whole hotel’s section l 物资财产集中的部位。 The property and the financial concentrate place l 人员集中的部位。 The place of people concentrated 消防重点工种主要指：所使用的原料或生产的对象具有较大的火灾危险性;工作岗位分散，人员较少，工作环境和条件一般都比较差;作业时间、地点灵活性较大，不固定，经常交换;安全技术比较复杂，操作规程要求严格，安全要求也较高，一旦发生火灾难以迅速扑灭。 The fire important work mainly appointed that: all used the fuel and creative object have the great fire dangerous; the post staff detract, the person was few, the work circumstance and the situation was fewer poor; the work time and the work place more flexible, not fasten and often exchange; the skill of the fire was complicated, operating process strictly, the security require more highly, once happen fire hard to put off immediately 第二节 酒店消防安全重点部位、重点工种明细 Section Two Detail of Fire Security Important Section and Important Work 酒店消防安全重点部位：消防控制中心、监控中心、配电室、锅炉房(发电机房) Fire Security Important Section: Emergency control center, CCTV Room, collocating electricity room, boiler room (dynamo room). 酒店消防安全重点工种： 电工(强、弱)、焊工、木工、油漆工、锅炉工、库管员、厨师、监控员工 Fire Security Important Type of the Work: Electrician (strong, thin), welder, woodworker, painter, boiler worker, bursary worker, cook, emergent control worker 第三节 消防安全重点部位的管理 Section Three Fire Security Important Section Administration 1、 酒店消防安全责任人、管理人(防火安全委员会)组织消防安全管理部门从实际出发共同研究、确定重点部位，并填写《消防重点部位登记表》,http://www.ytu8.com，报送上级主管部门和公安消防机构备案; Hotel fire security principal and administrator (Fire Security Committee) organize fire security administration departments searching from the practice complexion, and then ensure the important section and fill the “Fire Emphasis Section Roll Call”, sent the records to the high-up charge department and the public security fire organization to put on records. 2、 明确消防安全重点部位的责任部门和责任人;消防控制中心及监控中心的责任部门为酒店安全部，责任人为安全部经理，配电室及锅炉房(发电机房)的责任部门为酒店工程部，责任人为总工程师; Well-defined the responsible department and the responsible person of fire security important sections; CCTV& ECC are responsible for the hotel security department, and the responsible person is the chief of security of hotel; the collocating electricity room and boiler room (dynamo room) are responsible for the hotel engineering department, and the responsible officer is the chief of engineer 3、 任用责任心强、业务技术熟练、懂得消防知识、身体健康的人员负责重点部位的消防安全工作; Appoint the personnel who have responsibility, proficient in operation skill, know the fire fighting knowledge and have a good health in charge of the fire security important section. 4、 研究和分析重点部位的火灾因素，确定危险点和控制点，落实预防火灾事故的措施，并对岗位人员进行消防安全教育、防火安全技术培训和考核; Research and analyze the elements of a fire disaster in important section. Ensure the dangerous points and the control points and fulfill the step of preventing fire disaster. Educate the staff for the fire security, fireproofing skill’s training and give examination. 5、 建立防火档案，制定灭火方案，配置必要的灭火器材、设施。 Establish the fire prevention archives, institute the put out the fire plan, collocate the necessary fire extinguishers and the establishments. 第四节 重点工种人员的管理 Section Four The Important Work staff Administration 一、电工的防火要求The fireproofing of the electrician 1、 必须持有关部门核发的安全操作证上岗操作。 The on duty staff must hold the concerning department’s security operation certification. 2、 要按照有关规范安装检修电气线路和电器设备。安装和修理电气设备，必须由电工进行。 Follow the related regulations to install and check the electric & gas channels and the electrical appliance equipments. 3、 要经常检查电气设备运行情况，对超负荷和擅自加大熔断器容量等隐患，及时向有关部门提出整改意见。 Check the electric operation consistently. Inform the related department hidden trouble including the over burthen and adding the fuse lead to break the container etc., and put forward the adjusted ideas. 4、 需要设临时线路时，必须经有关部门批准后，方可架设临时线路，在架设时要注意安全。 When need build the temporary line, must pass the related department permission. And then set the temporary line and should notice the safety. 5、 变电所要保持清洁，不准堆放杂物和可燃物。电闸箱周围、附近以及箱内要保持清洁，不准堆放其它物品。 The change electric room should keep clean. Do not pile up sundries or the easy burning objects. The inside and surrounding of the electric gate box should keep clean and do not put any other thing. 6、 要根据电器设备容量大小决定保险丝的型号，在选择保险丝时，其熔断电流应约等于额定电流的1.5―2倍。 The type of the fuse is according to the electrical appliance equipment’s capacitance. When select the fuse, the fuse current should be equal to the rating current’s 1.5-2 times. 7、 值班人员不准擅离职守，交接班要有手续。要积极主动向用电人员宣传安全用电常识，制止违章用电行为。 The watch shouldn’t leave his post without permission and should hand over the procedure when switch to the next shift. The staff should propagandize actively the knowledge of using electricity safely to the users and restrict the action of peccancy in using electricity. 8、 要掌握排除一般电气故障的方法，并能使用灭火器扑灭电气火灾。扑救电气设备火灾，首先切断电源。在带电情况下，可用二氧化碳和干粉灭火器扑救。但应注意不要让身体的任何部分接触带电体，并注意通风。断电后与其它火灾的扑救方法相同。 The electrician should master the method of removing common electric failure and be able to use fire extinguishers to put out the electric fire disaster. To put out the electric fire disaster, at first, should cut off the power supply. Under electrified, could use the CO2 and the dust fire extinguishers. Attention to avoid touching anything with electricity and notice to ventilate. When cut off the power supply, the method of putting out the fire is as same as other fire disaster. 二、焊工的防火要求The Fireproofing Request for welder 1、 焊割操作的火灾危险性：The level of hazard due to soldering operation 焊割作业有大量的火星飞溅和熔渣。焊、割时的电弧、火焰温度高(电弧温度可达3600～6000℃，火焰温度可达3000℃左右)，辐射热强。所使用的氧气瓶、乙炔瓶有爆炸危险。电焊机接触不良，电阻过热或下班时未断电，极易引起火灾。焊接盛装过易燃、可燃液体的容器、管道时，违反操作规程，能引起爆炸。焊接的熔渣或火花落在下面或附近的易燃物或裹在工作服或手套内，能阴燃起火。在不能动明火的地方，如生产、使用、储存易燃物品的地方进行焊接。 Soldering could cause numerous of spattered sparks and fused dregs. The temperature in the arc of electricity and the flame from welding and scalpeling is very high (esp. the temperature in the arc of electricity could reach 3600～6000℃, and the flame temperature is around 3000℃) and the radiant heat is quite strong. The air tank and acetic tank that been used has the potential of explosion. Fire could be easily broke out by the carelessness of operating the electronic welding machine, overheat of the resistance and duty off without plug off the electricity. Also the explosion will be occurred due to disobey the operational rule and welding the containers or pipes that used to be filled with flammable liquid. The drop of the solutes and fused dregs around the flammable content or on the uniform and gloves could cause fire from hidden burn. Welding in the place which is not easily cause fire, for example the place usually produce, use and store flammable contents. 2、 焊割防火要求： The requirement of fireproofing due to welding a、 焊工必须按国家有关规定经专门的安全作业培训，掌握焊割安全技术，取得特种作业资格证书后，方可上岗操作。 Welders should be trained according to prescribe by the state authority, and mastering proper techniques of welding, only with special type of certificates then can be allowed to work formally. b、 焊割前应经本单位领导同意，消防安全部门检查批准，领取动火许可证方可作业。 Before welding, the permission by the superior and Security department must be passed. c、 焊割作业要选择合适地点，作业前要仔细检查，周围的可燃物必须清除，如不能清除时，应采取浇湿、遮隔等措施加以防护。 A safe place should be picked when doing welding work. Before implementing,全讯网2, double check the surrounding area, make sure flammable object is not around, or separate and wet the flammable objects. d、 严禁在有可燃蒸气、气体或粉尘的爆炸危险性场所焊割。在这些场所附近进行焊割时，应按有关规定，保持安全距离。Welding in the area of flammable smoke, gas and powder is totally forbid, if implement welding work around those area, must keep a certain distance according to prescribe. e、 焊割操作不准与油漆、喷漆、木工等易燃操作同部位、同时间、上下交叉作业。 During welding, it should not be involved with the work of oil paint, spray paint and woodworker at the same time. f、 电焊机地线不准接在建筑物、机械设备、各种管道、金属架上，必须设立专用地线，不得借路。 The electronic ground line of the electronic welding machine must have its own connection, should not connect with any random ground line that belong to any random constructions, equipments, pipes and metal frame. g、 不得使用有问题的焊割工具。电焊的导线不要与装有气体的气瓶接触，也不要与气焊的软管或气体的导管放在一起，这些软管不得从生产、使用、储存易燃易爆物品的场所或部位穿过。油脂或沾油的物品，禁止与氧气瓶、导管、软管等接触。 The welding tool shouldn’t be iffy. The lead of the electronic welding machine can not be put together with the gas tank, also can not be put together with the gas solder tube or with the gaseous canal. Tubes shouldn’t pass through the area of producing; using and storing flammable objects. Objects are with grease or stained with grease should keep away with oxygen tank, canal and tube. h、 焊割作业要遵守操作程序，焊割结束或离开现场时，必须切断电源、气源，并仔细检查现场，清除火险隐患。 Welding work must follow the operational procedure, cutting off the electronic source and gas source is vital when finish the welding work. Also double check the working area, preventing the occurrence of fire. i、 在闷顶、隔墙等隐蔽场所焊接，操作完毕后应反复检查，以防阴燃发生。 Welding in the closed area, double check the area when finish welding to prevent the occurrence of burning. j、 焊割现场必须配备灭火器材，危险性较大的应有专人现场监护。 Fire extinguisher must be always available in the welding area, or must be in the custody of professional workers if the fatalness of the area is very high. 3、 焊工的“十不准”：the ten forbidden for welder a、 不准无证上岗，实习人员没有正式焊割工在场指导，不准从事焊、割作业。 Welders should have the certificate always, without the supervision of professional welders the trainee should not do welding, scalpeling solely. b、 凡属一、二、三级动火审批范围的焊、割作业，未办理动火审批手续和落实防火、防爆措施之前，不准焊、割。 The welding and scalpeling work that in the range of first class, second class and third class fire permit, without the welding and cutting permit and the agreement of fireproofing measure, welding and scalpeling work should not implement. c、 不了解焊割现场和周围的安全情况，不准焊、割。 Unfamiliar with the area and surrounding area of welding and scalpeling work, should not implement the work. d、 不了解焊、割件内部情况，不准焊、割。 Unfamiliar with the interior circs about the weld and scalpel equipments, is not allowed to use the machine. e、 盛装过可燃、易燃气体、液体的各种容器、管道、罐柜等，未经清洗和测爆，没有安全保障时，不准焊、割。 Containers, pipes and tanks which used to fill with flammable gas, liquid without cleaning and measuring, should not be welded and scalpeled. f、 在用可燃材料作保温、冷却、隔热、隔音、装饰的部位，未采取切实可靠的防火安全措施，不准焊、割。 The flammable materials used as heat preservation, cooling, heat insulation and decoration could not be welded and scalpeled unless it fully adopts very effective fireproofing safety precautions. g、 压力或密封的容器、管道，不准焊、割。 The sealed and pressed container and pipe should not be welded and scalpeled. h、 焊割部位附近堆有易燃、易爆物质，在未作彻底清理或采取切实有效的措施之前，不准焊、割。 Welding and scalpeling work can not continue if the surrounding area has flammable and explosion risk objects, it must be cleaned effectively. i、 因火星飞溅、导体传热和感应能引起焊、割部位毗连的物体、建筑物起火或爆炸的，未采取安全措施，不准焊、割。 Due to the spark splash, conductor heat and induction during welding and scalpeling that cause the fire explosion of adjacent objects and buildings, without proper safety action, welding and scalpeling can not be implementing. j、 有与明火作业相抵触的情况，不准焊、割。 Welding and scalpeling work can not implement if it interfered with task relate to fire. 三、木工的防火要求 Fireproofing request for woodworker 1、 木工车间的火灾危险性the level of hazard wood workshop 木工车间内有大量的原料、半成品、刨花、锯末等可燃物，遇到火源极易着火。烘干木材和熬胶时，对火源、温度控制不好容易发生火灾。机械轴承摩擦生热或用电锯锯硬质木材没有冷却水时，也容易引起火灾。电气设备安装不符合规定或使用不慎，又缺乏必要检修，也能引起火灾。取暖火炉安装不当或使用不慎，极易引起火灾。由于违反工作制度随便吸烟，也会导致火灾。 In the wood workshop has a large quantity of raw materials, semi-manufactured goods, paring, sawdust, etc. which are all flammable. Fire is easy to break out when drying the lumbers, boiling the glue without proper control of its temperature. Also the inappropriate equipment and fireplace setup or usage, lacking of examine and repair will cause fire explosion as well. Smoking has a fire exploring risk too. 2、 木工车间防火要求the fireproofing request for wood workshop a、 木工车间只能存放当班的用料。成品应及时运走，刨花、锯末每班都要打扫干净，倒在指定地点。 Wood workshop only stores the material on duty, finished foods should be delivered in time, parings and sawdust need to be cleaned in every shift, and threw in a specified place. b、 在操作各种机械前，仔细检查电器设备是否完好，轴承要经常加油，积落的粉尘要及时打扫。 Before starting work, carefully check the wiring, grease the axletree, and clean the dust is very important. c、 使用盘锯一定不要断水，防止摩擦生热阴燃起火。 Make sure use the saw with continuous watering to prevent building a fire through scraping. d、 电气设备安装应符合要求。抛光、电锯等工作间的电气设备应是密封式的或防爆式的,百家乐，防止粉尘爆炸。刨花、锯末较多的车间的电动机，应加防尘罩。 The electronic facility setup should be according to the instruction, the workshop of polishing and electronic saw must be in an inaccessible place which can prevent powder explosion. The workshop cause quite a lot of parings and sawdust should be protected with dustproof cover. e、 木工车间一般情况下不宜采用明火取暖，如用火炉取暖时应加四面火挡。不应用劈柴、刨花代替煤取暖，每个火炉要有专人负责，下班时要将余火彻底熄灭。 The wood workshop normally doesn’t use fire to warm up; otherwise it should add the fire block around the fireplace. Using bavins, parings to make a fire instead of coal is not acceptable, each fireplace should guarded by one professional worker, and the fire must be totally put out when job finished. f、 车间内不得存放汽油、酒精、油漆等易燃物品。 There shouldn’t be oil, alcohol and oil paint these tinders in the workshop. g、 车间内严禁吸烟和用明火作业。 No smoking and using fire directly in the workshop. h、 要在工作完毕和下班时，清理场地，将木屑、刨花堆放到安全地点，并切断电源，关闭门窗锁门。 Clean up the scene and set the wood dust, paring to the safe place. Cut off the electric resource and close doors and windows before you off duty. i、 要积极参加消防培训，掌握防火灭火知识。 Attend the fire fighting training activity and master the knowledge of fireproofing and putting out a fire. 四、油漆工的防火要求Fireproofing Request for painter 1、 涂漆过程中的防火要求 Fireproofing request during painting a. 工作场所内的电气线路应采用钢管布线，电气设备选用防爆型的。 The electric circuit in the work location should use steel-pipe laying wire and select explosion-proof electrical equipment. b. 调漆和喷漆适宜在通风场所内进行，如在室内进行喷漆作业，应设有排风装置。 It is suitable that mixing paint and paint spraying is in ventilated place. c. 工作人员应穿防静电工作服和防静电鞋。 The missionary should wear antistatic clothing and shoes. d. 喷涂设备要有良好的静电接地装置，要尽可能增大工作场所内空气的湿度。 The spray coating equipment should have good electrostatic earthed device. Try to enlarge the air humidity of the work location as much as possible. e. 喷涂场所内严禁明火，禁止火种进人工作场地，禁止穿带铁钉的鞋人内。 Prohibit using the fire directly in spray coating location. Do not let the person with iron nail on his shoes. Prohibit taking tinder into the work location. 2、 干燥过程中的防火要求Fireproofing request during drying a、 禁止用明火热源进行加热干燥，应采用非明火热源，如蒸汽、热水、热风等。 Prohibit using the fire directly to dry. Should use non-direct fire (steam, hot water, sirocco, etc.) b、 烘烤设施内应设有可燃气体报警装置和自动温控装置，防止温度超高发生燃烧或爆炸。 Inside the roast equipment should install a combustible gas alarm and automatic temperature controller to prevent from burning or exploding due to high temperature. c、 烘烤设施内应有通风装置,排除的气体不得循环使用。 Inside the roast equipment should install a register. The discharged gas should not use again. d、 油漆干燥场所应严禁烟火，所有的电气设备应是防爆型的。 The painting location should prohibit using fire and select explosion-proof electrical equipment. 3、 工作场所一般消防要求. The common request for work location a、 禁止使用明火加温或在密闭状态下熔解漆料。 Prohibit using a direct fire or liquating paint under airtight condition. b、 禁止乱倒剩余漆料溶剂。 Prohibit littering the spare paint impregnant. c、 要随用随领油漆溶剂，剩料要及时加盖，注意储存安全。 Always get the oil impregnant when needed, make sure always close the oil bucket when finish using it, and store it safely. d、 要经常清除工作场地的油漆沉积物，并注意工作场地的通风。 Clean up the aggradations of oil paint and notice to keep ventilating in the work location. (责任编辑：admin) |